Nl influenza sociale pdf merger

Influenza flu is a viral infection that occurs worldwide. Influenza, influenzaassociated mortality, and novel. The 1918 virus spread rapidly around the world and was associated with mortality measured in the thousands per 100,000 population. Startingfrom2010,eachyearcdc estimatestheburdenofinfluenza.

Pharmacists letter includes 12 issues every year, with brief articles about new meds and hot topics. Request pdf on jul 22, 2011, lisa sattenspiel and others. Influenza, respiratory disease influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by rna viruses. Seqirus is one of the worlds largest influenza vaccine companies. Avian flu background the a, b, c, h and n of bird flu viruses. Spanish flu epidemic of 1918 strikes dover spanish influenza first appeared in dover on september 17, 1918. There are 18 different ha subtypes and 11 different na subtypes. Influenza is never a pleasant experience, but for most people the symptoms will improve over the course of a few days without needing to visit a doctor. You can catch influenza from people who cough, sneeze, or even just talk around you. Dobriansky, under secretary for democracy and global affairs remarks at the nixon center washington, dc june 26, 2006. Influenza a viruses can circulate in many different animals, including ducks, chickens, pigs, horses, seals, and others. Influenza is an acute respiratory illness, caused by influenza a, b, and c viruses, that occurs in local outbreaks or seasonal epidemics.

Influenza is associated with substantial morbidityandmortality1. Includes expert guidelines, research reports, conference proceedings, training classes, fact sheets, websites. The onset of neurological symptoms is usually within a few days to a week after the first signs of influenza infection. Flu epidemic of 1918 strikes dover city of dover, nh. The global influenza programme gip provides member states with strategic guidance, technical support and coordination of activities essential to make their health systems better prepared against seasonal, zoonotic and pandemic influenza threats to populations and individuals. Current and historical conditions indexed list of current and historical nationally notifiable conditions. World health organization who and national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system laboratories, which include. However, viral influenza vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a reduction in reversetranscriptasepolymerasechainreaction rtpcr confirmed influenza among infants rr 0.

Top 3 useful links for kroll most consulted by pharmacists. Adverse event influenza vaccines who position paper during some influenza seasons, tivs trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccines have been associated with a slight increase in the risk of guillainbarr syndrome in older adults about 1 case added to the background incidence of about 20 cases per million vaccine recipients. Strains of all subtypes of influenza a virus have been isolated from wild birds, although disease is uncommon. Socioeconomic impact of seasonal epidemic influenza and. The symptoms have sudden onset, are far more serious than the common cold and. Influenza in birds is often referred to as avian influenza, in pigs as swine influenza, in horses as equine influenza and so on. The goals of the global influenza programme are to.

Social, economic, and security implications of avian influenza. B processing of clinical specimens for virus isolation 33 2. Influenza, aka the flu, is a highly contagious virus that can race through schools, offices, or nursing homes. Occasionally, humans become infected with zoonotic influenza viruses. There is also a survey of economic research on the subject. Influenza, acute viral infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract, marked by fever, chills, and a generalized feeling of malaise. Patients, mostly from the shipyards in portsmouth and newington, were under medical care in dover. Estimates of the efficacy of influenza vaccination in preventing ami rank as high as secondary prevention methods routinely recommended for older adults 12. Also called spanish influenza epidemic, the most severe influenza outbreak of the 20th century and, in terms of total numbers of deaths, among the most devastating epidemics in human history. Highlights influenza division staff who have been recognized by awards. However, if you are in a highrisk group, it is advisable to contact your doctor early as it may be possible for you to receive antiviral treatment. Influenza a virus causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of the genus alphainfluenzavirus of the virus family orthomyxoviridae.

Influenza diagnosis clinical and epidemiological characteristics increase of febrile respiratory illness lab isolation of influenza virus from clinical specimen e. How does influenza disproportionately impact older adults. Certest biotec, along with bd becton, dickinson and company nyse. Influenza viruses are known for their ability to change their antigenic structure and create new viral strains, possibly changing biological characteristics such virulence, infectivity or host range. In this mode of evolution, the virus main surface protein, hemagglutinin ha, is thought to continually change to evade human immune response, resulting in new dominant strains that eliminate all competitors in a series of rapid successions. Learn how to combine files into a single pdf file using adobe acrobat dc. Since then, mankind has gained several advantages against the disease. In the united states more than 35,000 deaths and 200,000 hospitalizations due to influenza occur. For more information on influenza please visit the seasonal flu web site. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution. The origins of pandemic influenza lessons from the 1918. Understanding influenza flu influenza flu is a highly contagious viral infection that can cause mild to severe symptoms and lifethreatening complications, including death, even in healthy children and adults.

Midseason estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness. Social determinantssuch as education, raceethnicity, socioeconomic status, access to health care services and vaccination, neighborhoodlevel stressors, and workplace or school policiescan impact influenza illness and outbreaks in the united states. Learn more about the classification of influenza viruses, influenza outbreaks, and influenza symptoms and treatment. Comparing influenza vaccine efficacy against mismatched and. Influenza division pdf icon 2 pages influenza planning and response pdf icon 1 mb, 2 pages international activities. It is primarily an infection of the lungs, nose, and throat. We determine the number of broadly neutralizing antibodies required to inhibit influenza virus membrane fusion by simultaneously observing individual viral particles undergoing fusion and counting the number of antibodies bound to them. Annual report surveillance of influenza and other respiratory. Social determinants of influenza illness and outbreaks in the united states article pdf available in north carolina medical journal 775. Among adults, for example, the inactivated influenza vaccine was reported to have a vaccine efficacy ve of 59% 95% confidence interval ci 51 to 67.

Evolution of influenza a virus is commonly viewed as a typical darwinian process. Manual for the laboratory diagnosis and virological. Certest biotec and bd announce covid19 diagnostic test. The story of influenza the threat of pandemic influenza. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. Influenza places a significant socioeconomic burden on individuals, families, and society 14. Increase influenza vaccination rates in your practice by providing evidencebased interventions for use with vaccinehesitant patients. Armed forces institute of pathology the spanish flu pandemic of 1918 and 1919 caused the deaths of 2050 million people worldwide including up to. During the past three decades, efforts to prevent and control influenza have focused primarily on the use of inactivated influenza vaccines in elderly people and in individuals with chronic medical conditions that put. Social network analysis for better understanding of influenza. Scientists uncovered the potential therapy in a large chemical library and optimized lead.

Since 1977, three influenza virus subtypes have been in circulation. May 07, 20 with the new h7n9 virus spreading through china and h5n1 popping up every now and then in southeast asia, its tough to keep track of all the flu viruses. In the early 20th century, science was sufficiently sophisticated to anticipate that influenza, which had twice reached pandemic proportions in the late 19th century, would recur, but was largely powerless to blunt the devastating impact of the 1918 h1n1 pandemic. Influenza, one of the most common infectious diseases, is a highly contagious airborne disease that occurs in seasonal epidemics and manifests as an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death. Influenza epidemic, 19181919 lc linked data service. Signs and symptoms of upper andor lower respiratory tract involvement are present, along with indications of systemic illness such as fever, headache, myalgia, and weakness. Influenza virus and cns manifestations sciencedirect. Global influenza surveillance and response system gisrs influenza virus infections in humans update october 2018 pdf, 239kb differences among seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic or variant influenza. Our bodies fight off diseases, in part, through the production of antibodies that help our immune systems recognize and attack foreign invaders. Influenza a viruses are divided into subtypes based on the genetic and antigenic properties of their envelope glycoproteins hemagglutinin ha and neuraminidase na. Efficacy, in this scenario, refers to broad protection against multiple strains of influenza. The incubation period is 1 to 4 days average 2 days. Influenza implementation guidance 2 for pediatricians, physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses, medical assistants, and office managers this implementation guidance is designed to help practitioners and pediatric office staff prevent influenza by.

National influenza centres they ship representative clinical specimens and isolated viruses to who ccs for advanced antigenic and genetic analysis. Much has changed since the influenza pandemic of 1918, yet our responses to covid19 must still. Social determinants of health and seasonal influenza. Because influenza viruses mutate constantly, the vaccine has to be modified every year based on a prediction of which strains will be most predominant.

Some isolates of influenza a virus cause severe disease both in domestic poultry and, rarely, in humans. H1n1, influenza, respiratory disease, swine flu swine influenza virus is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic. Infectious diseases, like influenza, can have devastating consequences on populations. Jude childrens research hospital, memphis, tennessee, usa address for correspondence. It is caused by influenza virus and is easily transmitted, predominantly via the droplet and contact routes and by indirect spread from respiratory secretions on hands etc. Influenza, an everevolving target for vaccine development. Annual vaccination of hcws against influenza has been recommended by the us centers for disease control and prevention cdc since 1981. Sometimes two or more different strains of influenza virus combine to form a new subtype.

Social determinants of influenza illness and outbreaks in the. Annual influenza epidemics have agespecific morbidity and mortality patterns that are markedly different from those seen in influenza pandemics, and future pandemics are likely to be caused by a different influenza virus, as well as occur in a different setting with regard to the distribution in the population of preexisting immunity to the. The epidemic of the virulent influenza virus hit kansas in 1918 leading to the profound effect on mortality. Wikipedia usage estimates prevalence of influenzalike. Influenza a changes more often and more quickly than influenza b. Social, economic, and security implications of avian influenza paula j.

Kroll 10 user manual pdf pharmacist quick tips pdf tutorial videos to make the most of kroll introducing pharmaconnect youtube. Protection from influenza newfoundland and labrador. This study aimed to explore sources of influenza ah1n1related information, specific information needs and preferences of the lay public during the peak of the outbreak. Influenza prevention and illness policy as an extra measure to reduce the chances of employees becoming ill due to influenza. Influenza infection is transmitted through respiratory droplets or contact and is clinically indistinguishable from other respiratory viral diseases without laboratory confirmation. Influenza fact sheet keywords department of health services, dhs, division of public health, influenza, flu, coughing, sneezing, vaccine, vaccination, flu shot, contagious, p42064, p42064 created date. The influenza pandemic provided scientists the opportunity to confirm or refute this contested microbe as the cause of influenza. The best fit between the discretized seir generation time pdf and the normalized average daily viral excretion profile is shown in fig.

There is a large body of observational and clinical trial evidence that shows that influenza vaccination helps protect against ami. The sputum studies from the camp lewis epidemic found only a few influenza cases harvesting the influenza bacilli and mostly type iv pneumococcus. The searches below find resources from two national library of medicine databases. Influenza causes significant loss of workdays, human suffering, and m. Background the 201415 influenza season in canada was characterized by an early epidemic due to vaccinemismatched influenza ah3n2 viruses, disproportionately affecting elderly individuals. We were created when our parent company, csl limited, acquired the novartis influenza vaccine business and combined it with vaccine subsidiary, biocsl. Author summary although influenza is largely avoidable through vaccination, between 3,00050,000 deaths occur in the united states each year that are attributed to this disease. Apr 30, 2020 introduction immunization of healthcare workers hcws against influenza is a patient safety and qualityofcare issue. Surveillance of influenza and other respiratory infections in the netherlands. In the usa, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for individuals aged.

This burden results from various direct costs outpatient and inpatient medical care plus medications and indirect costs productivity losses. Due to this variation in the virus, most influenza vaccinations have shortlived efficacy and narrow protection. Influenza is caused by viruses in the family orthomyxoviridae. Influenza prevention involves taking steps that one can use to decrease their chances of contracting flu viruses, such as the pandemic h1n109 virus, responsible for the 2009 flu pandemic contents 1 mode of transmission in influenza.

Commonly known as the flu, influenza is an infection that can be caused by several types of influenza viruses. If people, pigs, and aquatic birds are the principal variables associated with interspecies transfer of influenza virus and the emergence of new human pandemic strains, influenza surveillance in these species is indicated. A crosssectional, populationbased, computerassisted telephone interview of 1,050 respondents was conducted. How any one virus acquires its identification letter depends on differences in the matrix protein, nucleoprotein and response of antibodies to a particular strain. Maakt het mogelijk om pdfbestanden samen te voegen met een simpele drag anddrop interface.

Analyses of the nucleoprotein np gene show that avian influenza viruses have evolved into five host influenza. Areas of the us where the flu first erupted in the fall of 1918. Scientists discover a potential strategy to treat influenza a. Because all known influenza a subtypes exist in the aquatic bird reservoir, influenza is not an eradicable disease. The information presented in this report and information provided in two prominent publications on the 1918 influenza pandemic are then used to. An influenza prevention and illness policy, with your business name or letterhead displayed should be placed on the companys web site and displayed where appropriate at the worksite.

Seasonal influenza seasonal influenza is a preventable infectious disease with mostly respiratory symptoms. Pdf the spread of the spanish flu on the island of newfoundland is examined. Our immune system is great at generating strainspecific antibodies. Influenzaassociated hospitalizations summary nndss.

Our objective was to examine the potential impact of pandemic influenza in the netherlands and to analyze the effects of several other than influenza vaccinebased possible interventions in. Fever, decreased consciousness, and seizures are common symptoms, and among the less common are focal neurological signs such as paresis, aphasia, cranial nerve palsies and choreoathetosis hattori et al. The virus ah1n1, which causes what was commonly referred to in the past as swine flu, caused a flu pandemic in 2009. Influenza is a contagious, acute respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses, usually influenza a or b subtypes. These articles provide basics on flu risks and prevention. These viruses spread easily during the winter months and infect the nose, throat and lungs. Important changes in the timing of influenza epidemics in the who european region over the past 20. Fever, cough, shaking chills, body aches, and extreme weakness are common symptoms. Type a viruses tend to have a greater effect on adults, while type b viruses are a greater. Influenza a virus is a singlestranded negativesense segmented rna virus, with a genome consisting of eight gene segments, that can encode up to 16 proteins 15 fig 1a.

The cause of death was identified as influenza, but it was unlike any strain ever seen. The first wave of the flu in newfoundland primarily hit the island in june. The port areas saw the earliest cases of influenza which was brought over by boat. Jun 25, 20 influenza is a major public health threat. The results form the basis for who recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccine each year, as well as relevant risk assessment activities of who. Exploring risk perceptions of emerging infectious diseases onno. Influenza a viruses are divided into subtypes based on two surface antigens. This graph illustrates the severity of the epidemic us census bureau. Birds, pigs, horses, ferrets, dogs, and cats can all be infected with various strains of the influenza virus. In some countries in the european region, the flu virus ah1n1 is causing severe disease and a number of deaths. Socioeconomic impact of seasonal epidemic influenza and the. Seqirus has a rich heritage in guarding against influenza. Influenza can cause mild to severe illness, and it may predispose to exacerbations of underlying disease or development of secondary bacterial infections. Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza a or b viruses that occurs in outbreaks and epidemics worldwide, mainly during the winter season.

Vaccination against influenza is considered the most important public health intervention to prevent unnecessary hospitalizations and premature deaths related to influenza in the elderly, though there are significant inequities among global influenza vaccine resources, capacities, and policies. New study has important implications for influenza. I would like to thank the nixon center for inviting me to speak about the social, economic, and security impacts of avian influenza. The corresponding latency distribution has average 1. These symptoms typically begin two days after exposure to the virus and most last less than a week.

Influenza in humans is often referred to as the seasonal flu. Public sources of information and information needs for. It is widely accepted that an annual influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. The basic reason for the difference between the flu vaccine and many other vaccines is that the flu virus evolves much more rapidly than do viruses like measles, mumps, and polio. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Viral influenza is a seasonal infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Influenza is the most frequent cause of acute respiratory illness requiring medical intervention because it affects all age groups and because it can recur in any individual. Influenza is an acute viral respiratory disease that is often characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, sore throat and cough. The objective of this study was to assess the social determinants of health preventing adults. Apr 22, 2010 providing health information during disease outbreaks is a fundamental component of outbreak control strategies.

Outpatients with influenza like illness or laboratoryconfirmed influenza who are at risk of complications see table 1 outpatients with severe, complicated influenza like illness. A collection, storage and transport of specimens 29 2. Novel influenza may be more likely to involve the lower respiratory tract. Pandemic influenza and healthcare demand in the netherlands. The centers for disease control and prevention continuously monitor the amount of influenza that is present in the american population and compiles this information in weekly reports. Each year the virus that causes this infection changes slightly, and it may change enough to. Aug 23, 2014 influenza vaccination is the primary tool to prevent influenza. Influenza is caused by infection with influenza a and b viruses. The laboratory diagnosis and virological surveillance of influenza 27 2. Estimating influenza latency and infectious period durations. Follow these steps to quickly combine and arrange documents. The viral membrane fusion process is mediated by fusion proteins whose activity is blocked through the binding of these antibodies to evolutionarily conserved.